People

British commander-in-chief who led the march from Philadelphia to New York in June 1778. Clinton's army fought the Battle of Monmouth as a rear-guard action and continued to New York after the engagement.

French aristocrat and Continental officer who initially commanded the advance force at Monmouth before ceding command to Charles Lee. Lafayette supported Washington during the battlefield confrontation with Lee and helped rally the troops.

Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1732-1799) who personally intervened at the Battle of Monmouth to halt Lee's retreat, reformed the American line, and directed the sustained engagement that demonstrated the army's transformation.

Washington's second-in-command who ordered a controversial retreat at Monmouth, provoking Washington's fury on the battlefield. Lee was court-martialed, found guilty of disobedience and misbehavior, and suspended from command for one year.

British general who commanded part of the rear guard at Monmouth. Cornwallis's troops engaged the Continental Army in the heaviest fighting of the battle before the engagement ended in a draw.

Aggressive Continental officer who commanded the advance force at Monmouth and whose troops bore the brunt of the initial engagement. Wayne's steadiness under fire helped stabilize the American line after Lee's retreat.

Continental Army officer and Washington's aide-de-camp (1755/1757-1804) who fought at the Battle of Monmouth, rallying troops during Lee's retreat and having his horse shot from under him during the engagement.

Woman traditionally identified as "Molly Pitcher" who carried water to artillery crews at the Battle of Monmouth and reportedly took her husband's place at a cannon after he collapsed from heat. Pennsylvania records later granted her a military pension.

Prussian military officer who trained the Continental Army at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78. Steuben's drill program transformed the army, and Monmouth was the first major battle where that training was tested under fire.

Sometimes conflated with Molly Pitcher, Corbin took over her husband's cannon at Fort Washington in 1776 after he was killed and was severely wounded herself. She became the first woman to receive a military pension from the United States.